B31 · Reference edition 2026.11

Grain and fold direction — Definition and boundaries

The relationship between material direction and fold direction belongs in the construction record. Keep it visible when the outline is rotated.

Scope and purpose

Start by separating the named concept from adjacent concepts. Use the observation below to identify the question the record is intended to answer. Read the caution before applying the example. A definition is useful only when another reader can tell what falls outside it.

Working notes

This collection describes enclosure forms, access routes and documentation practices for paper-based material. It is intended for reading and planning, not for directing treatment of fragile objects. Fold diagrams and record examples are original illustrations with no associated collection or accession data. Material descriptions distinguish observed features from documented properties. Decisions about a real object, its condition and its environment require the relevant professional judgement.

Grain and fold direction — Illustrative reference; not a tested product or a certification.
Grain and fold direction. Illustrative reference; not a tested product or a certification.

Practical example

Place a direction arrow beside the flat pattern and repeat it on the assembly sketch.

Reference recordInterpretation
B31Grain and fold direction
Scope and purposeThe relationship between material direction and fold direction belongs in the construction record. Keep it visible when the outline is rotated.
Limits and interpretationA diagram cannot replace testing and judgement for a specific material.

Review checklist

Write a one-sentence scope statement; identify a neighbouring concept; record what the example does not establish.

Limits and interpretation

A diagram cannot replace testing and judgement for a specific material. Measurements and examples are descriptive, not acceptance criteria.

Related reading

Grain and fold direction →